Product Overview
ATP+ Formula nurtures Spleen Qi. It helps enhance ATP production by the mitochondria through increasing the
amounts of mitochondrial cytochromes (cyt a, cyt b, cyt c, cyt c1), as well as the levels of cytochrome oxidases.
It also helps repair the damage of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that encodes the cytochrome oxidases.
Mitochondria are subcellular organelles responsible for the generation of energy and ATP synthesis. During the
aging process, mitochondria may also undergo many defective changes causing decline in mitochondrial
function. With age, mitochondrial biogenesis declines resulting in reduced number of mitochondria. Other
changes may involve decreases in DNA volume, integrity, and functionality, accumulation of mutations, and
oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These changes can cause impaired mitochondrial
function with lowered oxidative capacity, reduced oxidative phosphorylation, decreased ATP production,
significant increase in ROS generation, and diminished antioxidant defence.
Mitochondria have their own DNA; however, it encodes only 1% of the approximately 1,000 mitochondrial
proteins. A vast majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear DNA. MtDNA has a higher rate of
mutation than nuclear DNA because of its proximity to the respiratory chain in the mitochondrial inner
membrane, the lack of protective histone-like proteins, and less efficient repair machinery against damage. The
mutation rate of mtDNA is up to 15-fold higher than that of nuclear DNA. The integrity of mtDNA declines with
age and leads to aberrant expression of electron transport chain proteins, thereby impairing the generation of
energy and ATP synthesis. Decline of ATP production can have a broad-spectrum effect on the body’s
metabolism especially in the tissues with high energy demands including brain, heart, and muscle, and can cause
cognitive decline, reduced heart output and muscle weakness.
Cytochrome c oxidase in mt is one of the enzymes affected by the mtDNA mutation. The cytochrome c oxidase is
the last enzyme in the mt respiratory electron transport chain located in the mitochondrial membrane. It
receives an electron and transports four protons across the membrane, increasing the transmembrane difference of
proton electrochemical potential, which the ATP synthase then uses to synthesize ATP. Human cytochrome c oxidase is composed of 13 subunits. The three major subunits, subunit I, II, and III form the catalytic core and are encoded by mtDNA. The remaining subunits are encoded by nuclear DNA. The mutation of mtDNA can cause defects on the
three subunits of cytochrome c oxidase. The cytochrome bc1 complex (bc1) is another mt protein affected by the mtDNA mutation. Cytochrome bc1 complex is the mid-segment of the cellular respiratory chain of mitochondria that drives protons across the mitochondrial membrane. It is composed of 11 subunits. Among them the cytochrome b gene is coded by the
mtDNA and therefore the mutation of mtDNA can cause defects on the cytochrome bc1 complex.
According to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, these defective changes in mitochondria during the
aging process is associated with Spleen deficiencies. Research using rats as animal models have founded that
herbal ingredients in ATP+ that nurtures the Spleen can help ameliorate the defects and therefore increase the
activities of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidases.
The research used forty rats which were divided into four groups including normal control, and three treatment
groups. The three treatment groups were all fed with agents which induces diarrhea for 26 weeks to establish
a Spleen deficiency condition followed by 4 weeks of continued diarrhea inducing agent for Spleen Deficiency
Group, 4 weeks of regular food as control group for natural Recovery group, and 4 weeks normal food plus ATP+
for ATP treatment group. Among the three groups, the 1st group continues the agents for 4 weeks, the 2nd
group stop giving the agents to allow natural recovery for 4 weeks, and the 3rd group was fed the herbal
ingredients of ATP+ for 4 weeks.
At the end of the 4 weeks, the amount of Cytochrome a, b, c and c1 as well as cytochrome c oxidase (10mmol/g)
in the rat liver, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, gastric mucosa in all four groups was analyzed. The results
showed that the amount of Cytochrome a, c, and C1 of the ATP+ treated group are higher than the other three
groups including the Healthy Controls.
Cytochrome a, b, c and c1 amount (mol/g):
Cytochrome C Oxidase amount (10mol/g):
Groups Liver Cardiac Muscle Skeletal Muscle Gastric Mucosa
Healthy Control 352 156 114 260
Spleen Deficiency 176 102 79 152
Natural Recovery 220 116 84 156
ATP+ Treatment 359 214 121 269
DNA sequence of the three subunits of the cytochrome C oxidase were also analyzed. A mutation in subunits I, II and III
were identified in Spleen Deficiency and Natural Recovery Groups while no mutations were found in the Healthy Control
and Natural Recovery groups.
These results indicated that ATP+ is able to increase the amount of Cytochrome a, b, c, c1 as well as the Cytochrome c
oxidase. ATP+ is also able to help repair and prevent mtDNA damage.
Cyt a Cyt b Cyt c Cyt c1 Cyt a Cyt b Cyt c Cyt c1 Cyt a Cyt b Cyt c Cyt c1 Cyt a Cyt b Cyt c Cyt c1
Bar 1: Healthy Control
Bar 2: Spleen Deficiency
Bar 3: Natural Recovery
Bar 4: ATP+ Treatment
Liver Cardiac Muscle Skeletal Muscle Gastric Mucosa
Clinically, people who have used ATP+ have reported increased energy, accelerated recovery of muscle injury and quicker
recovery after work out. People can have the feelable changes after initial use for a couple of days and will have significant
changes after one week. It is recommended to take it as a wellness product to maintain mitochondrial health and to
support a healthy aging process.
Suggested Dosage: 2 capsules, 3 times a day
Ingredients: Poria, Radix Codonopsis, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Pin Yin Name: Baishu, Dangshen, Fuling
Case Study
Increased Energy and Alertness with ATP+
Joseph Sevlie, DC, MN
Two patients had been using ATP+ and both reported that they’ve experienced excellent sustainability to their energy.
One stated she’s noticed the formula being really helpful for herself. She says on days when she isn’t able to get her normal amount of sleep the formula has been a tremendous help for her having energy and being alert/awake when she knows she would normally be exhausted.
References:
1. Gao XL, Guo WF, Li RL, Chen WW. [Effects of Sijunzi Decoction on urine's xylose excretion rate and ATP in
mucosa of spleen deficiency rats]. Zhong Yao Cai. 2009 Aug;32(8):1242-5. Chinese. PMID: 19960947.
2. Chistiakov DA, Sobenin IA, Revin VV, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Mitochondrial aging and age-related
dysfunction of mitochondria. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:238463. doi: 10.1155/2014/238463. Epub 2014 Apr
10. PMID: 24818134; PMCID: PMC4003832